On September 21, 2025, the global community observed World Alzheimer’s Day, reflecting on the strides made in combating Alzheimer’s disease while acknowledging the challenges that persist. Recent advancements in research have brought renewed hope to patients and caregivers, yet significant obstacles remain.
A notable breakthrough is the development of two new drugs, lecanemab and donanemab, which have shown promise in slowing the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Lecanemab, marketed as Leqembi, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in January 2023. It targets amyloid plaques in the brain, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s, and has demonstrated a 27% reduction in cognitive decline among early-stage patients. Similarly, donanemab, branded as Kisunla, received FDA approval in July 2024. It has been shown to slow cognitive decline by approximately 60% in patients with early symptomatic Alzheimer’s.
These treatments represent a significant shift from previous therapies that only addressed symptoms. However, they are not without concerns. Both drugs can cause serious side effects, including brain swelling and bleeding, necessitating careful patient monitoring. Additionally, their high costs have led to debates about their accessibility and value. In the UK, for instance, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has not recommended these drugs for use on the National Health Service (NHS), citing insufficient benefit relative to their cost.
In parallel, diagnostic advancements are underway. A pioneering blood test capable of detecting Alzheimer’s with up to 90% accuracy has been authorized in the U.S. This non-invasive method could revolutionize early detection, allowing for timely intervention. However, European health authorities remain cautious, emphasizing the need for comprehensive clinical evaluations alongside biomarker testing.
Despite these developments, the journey toward a definitive cure for Alzheimer’s continues. Experts agree that a multifaceted approach, combining early diagnosis, effective treatment, and preventive strategies, is essential. World Alzheimer’s Day serves as a reminder of the progress made and the work still to be done in the fight against this debilitating disease.
