A federal vaccine advisory group recently reshaped by Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. is expected to vote this week on a proposal to delay the first dose of the hepatitis B vaccine, which is now standard for newborns, until children reach about age 4.
For over 30 years, U.S. health officials have recommended giving the first shot of hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours after birth as part of universal newborn immunization. The birth-dose has helped reduce infections dramatically.
Under the proposed change, infants would no longer receive that early protection unless their mothers test positive for hepatitis B or other risk factors are identified.
The vote is expected at the next meeting of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), scheduled for September 18-19. The panel has been substantially reworked: in June 2025, Kennedy removed all 17 existing members and replaced them with new appointees, some of whom have questioned aspects of vaccine schedules or raised concerns about vaccine mandates.
Medical experts warn that postponing the birth-dose may increase risk. Infants exposed to hepatitis B during delivery can develop chronic infection, which can lead to liver damage, cirrhosis, or cancer later in life.
Pediatricians argue delaying vaccination makes children vulnerable during early years when infection from mother or environment can occur.
Critics also worry about the implications for vaccine coverage and access. Vaccines recommended by ACIP are usually covered by government programs and insurance without cost. Changing the recommendation could alter insurance coverage or funding under programs like Vaccines for Children.
Supporters of the delay argue that current risk for most newborns is low if mothers are tested and found negative. They suggest the birth dose may be unnecessary for many infants.
In response to questions, the Department of Health and Human Services said any recommendation change will follow scientific review and that ACIP decisions are based on evidence and open processes.
The coming vote may mark a turning point in U.S. vaccine policy, and it has already sparked concern among parents, doctors, and public health officials who see the birth-dose as a key protection.
